The mcmahonhussein correspondence, the balfour declaration and the jewish national home j. The british argued the omission had been intentional, thereby justifying their refusal to grant the arabs independence in palestine after the war. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an independent arab state in exchange for arab assistance in opposing the ottoman empire. The possibility to display rows and columns of a contingency table in graphical form enables the analyst to reduce the dimensionality of the data and to explore di erent trend of variability, allowing hidden patterns to emerge. The mcmahon hussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. King husseins whole life was spent in foreign affairs, and his story becomes the story of the middle east over half a century. In 1915 sir henry mcmahon, british high commisioner in egypt, offered sherif. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an independent arab state in. Husseinmcmahon correspondence by alex keresztes on prezi. The mcmahon agreement refers to the hussein mcmahon correspondence, i. Developments in the conflict 1960s80s pdf yom kippur war document analysis homework.
May 26, 2015 the mcmahonhussein agreement of october 1915 was accepted by palestinians as a promise by the british that after world war one, land previously held by the turks would be returned to the arab nationals who lived in that land. Three bits of policy, all belonging to the short period october 1915 to november 1917 the first two, the mcmahonhussein correspondence and the sykespicot agreement, the work of the asquith liberal government. Multiple correspondence analysis in marketing research. Translation of a letter from husayn to mcmahon, january 1, 1916 in the name of god, the merciful, the compassionate. Map of modern day middle east, mcmahonhussein correspondence. The principal coordinates of the rows are obtained as d. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Greenacre 1984 shows that the correspondence analysis of the indicator matrix z are identical to those in the analysis of b. It was this letter that convinced palestinians that britain would support their right to their own homeland once the ottoman empire had been defeated. The mcmahonhussein agreement was to greatly complicate middle east history and seemed to directly clash with the balfour declaration of 1917. Most of the controversy arises from an october 24, 1915 letter in which sir henry spelled out the exceptions. Jul 07, 2015 if you have ever taken a course on the modern middle east or the arabisraeli conflict you will have had to study the hussein mcmahon correspondence if you studied in britain you may know it as the mcmahon hussein correspondence. Correspondence analysis hereafter, ca has proved to be a valuable tool for the interpretation of the complex datasets.
The mcmahonhussein agreement of october 1915 was accepted by palestinians as a promise by the british that after world war one, land previously held by the turks would be returned to the arab nationals who lived in that land. Jeffries, edited and introduced by william mathew washington and jerusalem, institute for palestine studies, 2015, 194 pp. May 26, 2015 sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein on october 24th 1915. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during. Pdf mcmahonhussein correspondence, 19151916 sir henry mcmahon to sharif hussein, 24 october 1915 the entire correspondence was published in english first by george antonius, the arab awakening london, 1938, and next in a british white paper, cmd. The mcmahon promise to hussein the balfour project. The mcmahon hussein correspondence chiefs, is as yet inconceivable to arab mind. The mcmahonhusayn correspondence and its interpretations, 1914 1939 routledge 2000. The book documents the genesis and interpretations of the mcmahonhussein correspondence.
The mcmahonhusayn correspondence and its interpretations, 19141939. Sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, negotiated in 191516 with husain ibn ali, the sherif of mecca. Macmahons correspondence with sharif husayn 1915 in a letter dated the 24th of october, 1915, sir henry mcmahon, then his majestys high commissioner in egypt, promises the sharif of mecca, husayn ibn ali, to recognise and support the independence of the arabs within the territories proposed by him. Though it did not itself determine the modern borders of the middle east, it laid the groundwork for later agreements which did and has thus left a disreputable legacy among the population of the middle east. In july 1915, hussein sent a letter to sir henry mcmahon, the high commissioner for egypt, informing him of the terms for arab participation in the war against the. Of the three wartime pledges, the most curious, and certainly the most controversial was the balfour declaration. Journal of the royal united services institute for defence studies.
With great cheerfulness and delight i received your letter dated the 19th shawal, 33 the 30th august, 1915, and have given it great consideration and regard, in spite of the impression i received from it of ambiguity and its tone of coldness and hesitation with regard to. The origins of the mcmahonhussein correspondence and the subsequent official interpretations, and the controversies surrounding those interpretations are essential to the understanding of a great deal of middleeastern diplomatic history during and after the first world war, as well as of the palestinian dispute in the 1920s and 1930s. Mcmahon hussein correspondence 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 it promised an independent arab state to be established in the vast area that consists of todays syria, israel, jordan, iraq, and the arabian peninsula. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 1915august 1916. The husseinmcmahon correspondence jewish virtual library. Historiography of the hussein mcmahon correspondence the. In a series of ten letters from 1915 to 1916 mcmahon tried to attract arab support against the ottoman empire. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916. Sykespicot agreement, secret deal between the triple entente in 1916 for the partition of the ottoman empire.
Husseinmcmahon correspondence aftermath independent kingdom of syria march 1920august 1920 league of nations mandates lawrences post war advocacy the damascus protocol may 1915 the document which faisal bin hussein son of hussein bin ali is presented with independence from. To his excellency the eminent, energetic and magnanimous minister. Growing arab nationalism had led to a desire for independence from. The mcmahon to hussein correspondence history learning site. Journal of contemporary history is an international forum for the analysis and discussion of 20th century history. In general terms, the correspondence effectively traded british support of an. Shlaims blowbyblow account of husseins career reads as a somberly addictive saga. The following excerpt is from a letter from october.
To his excellency the most exalted, the most eminentthe british high commissioner in egypt. History, certainly not an interpretative one, nor even a summary, but merely a. Even by the standards of perfidious albion, this was an extraordinary tale of doubledealing and betrayal, a tale that continued to haunt britain throughout the thirty years of its rule in palestine. Mcmahon, in his letter to hussein of 24 october 1915, named the wilayahs of damascus, homs, hama, and aleppo as being the ottoman territories in, and to the east of which, but not to the. The mcmahonhussein correspondence is a series of letters that were exchanged during world war i in which the united kingdom government agreed to recognize arab independence after the war in exchange for the sharif of mecca launching the arab revolt against the ottoman empire. The letters were concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. Furthermore, the principal inertias of b are squares of those of z. The mcmahonhussein correspondence and the question of. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was a protracted exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the future political status of the lands under the ottoman empire. The husseinmcmahon correspondence july 15 august 1916. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, or the hussein mcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 19161 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. The sykespicot agreement created the modern middle east. The mcmahon hussein correspondence, angloarab match.
The mcmahon agreement refers to the husseinmcmahon correspondence, i. It was this letter that convinced palestinians that britain would support their right to their own homeland palestine once the ottoman empire had been defeated. In the matter of the claim put forward by the palestinian arab delegation with respect to the mcmahon hussein correspondence, kedourie notes that mcmahon was asked about the matter and that his letter of 12 march, 1922 only added to the confusion. If you have ever taken a course on the modern middle east or the arabisraeli conflict you will have had to study the husseinmcmahon correspondence if you studied in britain you may know it as the mcmahonhussein correspondence. The mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 10 march 1916 mcmahon was british high commissioner in egypt and ali ibn husain was the sherif of mecca during the first world war. The mcmahonhussein correspondence chiefs, is as yet inconceivable to arab mind. The mcmahonhussein agreement was to greatly complicate middle east history and seemed to directly clash with. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. Letters between hussein ibn ali and sir henry mcmahon world. Mcmahonhussein correspondence balfour declaration zionist conference primary source balfour declaration and mcmahonhussein. Historiography of the hussein mcmahon correspondence the controversy over this question is half a century old. Beginning in the summer of 1915, sir henry mcmahon 18621949, british high commissioner in cairo, exchanged letters with hussein ibn ali 1853541931, the sherif of mecca.
Did the mcmahonhussein specifically promise to grant the. Hussein demanded that england acknowledge arab independence following the conditions of the damascus protocol. Although samuel pressed for publication, shuckberg considered nothing would be gained not least. It represents one of the first installments in a long line of modern european and subsequent american meddling in the region. Mcmahonhussein correspondence 1915 the correspondence took place between 1915 and 1916 between the british high commissionaire henry mcmahon of egypt and sherif hussein bin ali, a hashemite, official of the ottoman empire and fervent believer in panarabism. Sir henry mcmahon wrote to sharif hussein on october 24th 1915. Map of modern day middle east, mcmahon hussein correspondence. Teaching palestineisrael lesson outline by samia shoman. The mcmahonhussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Mcmahonhussein correspondence balfour declaration zionist conference primary source balfour declaration and mcmahonhussein correspondence multiple claims graphic organizer 6 warmup. Sep 06, 2014 the mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahon correspondence, was an exchange of letters 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 during world war i, between the sharif of mecca, husayn bin ali, and sir henry mcmahon, british high commissioner in egypt, concerning the political status of lands under the ottoman empire. The agreement born of these discussions is the sykes pico. The mcmahonhussein correspondence, was an exchange of letters between july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916, during world war i. But, the arabs claim the mcmahon hussein correspondence, a series of letters in 1915 and 1916 exchanged between henry mcmahon, the viceroy of egypt at the time, and sharif hussein, the guardian of mecca, outlines a promise by england to the arabs to sponsor an arab kingdom that would cover most of the arab world with hussein as king.
Washington and jerusalem, institute for palestine studies, 2015, 194 pp. Hence why the arabs gave their military support to the british in the middle east during world war one. The mcmahon letter from the israelarab reader, 3rd ed. In these letters, which became known as the husseinmcmahon correspondence, mcmahon. What issues did the balfour declaration, the mcmahonhussein correspondence, and the first zionist congress raise for palestinians and jews. The mcmahon hussein correspondence concessions to france that did not extend to the four towns that alfaruqi had named. Ali, emir of mecca, and sir henry mcmahon, the british high commissioner in egypt. The hussein mcmahon correspondence conspicuously fails to mention palestine. Mcmahon agreement facts, summary, demands, overview.
The sykespicot agreement and the making of the modern. The central figure in the arab nationalist movement at the time of world war i was hussein ibn ali, who was appointed by the turkish committee of union and progress to the position of sharif of mecca in 1908. Can someone please explain what the mcmahonhussein. Apr 17, 2016 three bits of policy, all belonging to the short period october 1915 to november 1917 the first two, the mcmahonhussein correspondence and the sykespicot agreement, the work of the asquith liberal government. Though it did not itself determine the modern borders of the middle east, it laid the groundwork for later agreements which did and has thus left a disreputable legacy among the. Sep 18, 2010 the mcmahonhussein correspondence, was an exchange of letters between july 14, 1915 to january 30, 1916, during world war i. Though the precise meaning of the correspondence has been disputed. Sep, 2015 toward the end of world war i, when the imminent fall of the ottoman empire was clear to the belligerents, the governments of britain and france started discussing the division of spoils. Mcmahonhusain correspondence report of arabuk committee.
Toward the end of world war i, when the imminent fall of the ottoman empire was clear to the belligerents, the governments of britain and france started discussing the division of spoils. In a cabinet analysis of diplomatic developments prepared in may 1917 the hon. Mcmahonhusseincorrespondence the mcmahonhussein correspondence, or the husseinmcmahoncorrespondence,wasaseriesof tenlettersexchangedfrom14july1915to30january. Hussein mcmahon correspondence aftermath independent kingdom of syria march 1920august 1920 league of nations mandates lawrences post war advocacy the damascus protocol may 1915 the document which faisal bin hussein son of hussein bin ali is presented with independence from. In the sykespicot agreement 16 may 1 doreen ingrams, palestine papers 19171922. Britain during world war i eventually negotiated three differing and highly contradictory agreements concerning the future of the areathe husseinmcmahon correspondence july. Thus, by a stroke of the imperial pen, the promised land became twicepromised. The two chapters on the mcmahonhussein correspondence and on the sykespicot agreement make a masterly justification for the british case. Mcmahonhussein correspondence 14 july 1915 to 30 january 1916 it promised an independent arab state to be established in the vast area that consists of todays syria, israel, jordan, iraq, and the arabian peninsula. These territories included the arabian peninsula, syria including lebanon, palestine, and. I, ii0i2, there is a summary setting out what was and what was not agreed. In these letters, which became known as the husseinmcmahon correspondence, mcmahon agreed to support husseins request for.
778 325 1412 310 675 549 1163 260 352 227 1268 424 585 315 1467 1189 134 1081 588 717 1302 1061 528 1020 1463 102 1445 96 822 509 731 309 771 528 1394